The presence of heavy metals in waterways is a major threat to human health, and such metals cause stomach cancer and brain damage.
Heavy metals are generally defined as metals that have high densities and cause water contamination and environmental problems. Heavy metals in the natural environment mainly include cobalt, nickel, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, lead, and zinc
Heavy metal pollution has affected the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in recent years because many ASEAN countries have developed chemical and mining industries that produce wastewater containing heavy metals. The wastewater being directly released into waterways without suitable treatment directly threatens human health.
